主题发言
1、 题目：南非高等教育的改革转型
作者：康妮·莫卡迪 南非金山理工大学
摘要：1994年，民主南非时代到来之后，大量经济和社会问题得到解决，社会压力迅速得到了减轻。其中，最值得称道的是因种族隔离政策而蓄意执行了几十年的教育机制性不平等这一关键问题在一定程度上得到了解决。在总统尼尔森·曼德拉领导下，新政府及时推出了推动社会进步、缩小种族间巨大差距的重要举措——教育改革。1997年，南非《高等教育法》颁布。以此为起点，政府采取可能采取的各种措施，把高等教育的发展放到较为重要的位置上。通过调查，相关各方一致建议，要在保证给予必需、持续的财政支持基础上，使高等教育实现结构性改革和专型。
南非金山理工大学很快感受到了高等教育改革的春风。1997年末，一名非洲女士被任命为校长。学校改革面临着巨大困难。这不但来自于其所面对的复杂的社会政治环境，更为关键的是，高度竞争的教育市场要求战略学术资源、行政管理资源和资金进行重组和重构。然而，这些困难在短短的五年里便被突破。此时，学校面临着来更为关键的外部挑战─2002年12月，南非教育部宣布：金山理工大学须与兰德阿非利加大学合并。
高校合并对于使南非高等教育领域的结构合理化极为关键，因为我们是在追求实在的变化而不是要做表面文章。金山理工大学充分地领会了这一理念。从2003年开始，南非金山理工大学致力于合并的准备工作。在这方面，它经验丰富的女校长依靠集体的努力，其灵活多变的管理得到良好的评价……
关键词： 南非；高等教育；转型
Title: Transformation in South African Higher Education: The case of the Technikon Witwatersrand
Author: Connie Mokadi Technikon Witwatersrand
Abstract: The advent of democracy in South Africa in 1994 threw a myriad of socio-economic and other societal problems into sharp relief, not least the crucial issue of decades-long institutionalised inequalities in education deliberately enforced by the apartheid state. The new government under President Nelson Mandela wasted no time in identifying transformation in education as a crucially important instrument for societal change to redress the imbalances of the past. Especially pertinent were the issues of access, equity and resources for historically disadvantaged citizens and educational institutions at secondary and tertiary level. The fundamental need was to create one single educational sector catering for all, and this concept informed all strategic thinking in formulating the required legislation. The promulgation of the Higher Education Act of 1997 was only a beginning, as the Ministry of Education proactively pursued all avenues for the radical improvement of higher education as a national priority. Investigations by all stakeholders led to recommendations and plans on how to restructure and transform the higher education sector while ensuring that higher educational institutions would remain financially viable and sustainable.
It was in late 1997 that the Technikon Witwatersrand began to feel the effects of transformation in earnest, particularly in the appointment of an African woman as principal and vice-chancellor. The challenges of internal changes were enormous not only because considerable internal socio-political resistance had to be overcome, but also because the institution’s radical repositioning in a new and highly competitive educational market demanded thoroughgoing restructuring of all strategic academic, administrative and financial resources. This was achieved in the short space of five years, when an even more fundamental external challenge was posed by the Ministry of Education in December 2002 in its announcement that the TWR had to merge with Rand Afrikaans University (the latter incorporating the Soweto and East Rand Campuses of Vista University).
The idea of mergers is crucial to streamlining the structure of the South African higher education sector and – committed as it is to true transformation as opposed to mere cosmetic change – the TWR fully embraced the merger concept. The TWR has since the beginning of 2003 been engaged in preparations for the merger, and in this respect its experienced female vice-chancellor was ideally placed for sensitive management of change in a collective effort.
Keywords: South Africa; higher education; transformation

2、 题目：女校长: 极具开拓性的大学领导人
作者： 玛薇琳·秀茨 美国加州立大学斯坦尼洛斯分校校长
摘要：美国女校长证明了她们没有被社会传统观念及性别障碍所困。这些女性在她们任职的道路上有丰富的经验可供分享。她们有着浓厚的兴趣去了解前辈，寻求最精简的蕴含着她们的过去和现在的知识来解释她们的事业基础，使得她们能够为后代开拓眼界。
18，19世纪的最早的先驱留下的丰富经验启迪了我们。他们经历和克服了众多挑战，她们生活在一个性别歧视合法和普遍接受的年代。然而她们却成为杰出的领导，不但树立了她们的尊严还为后任继承者奠定了尊严，努力克服了看似不可逾越的不公平，走向成功。? 21世纪的女校长所面临的境遇与这些前辈们多少有几分相似，能引起共鸣。
一直以来挑选成功女性的主旨涵盖了决断力，激情，坚毅，以及在学术上有所成就，有领导才能，还要有正义感，和在财政及政治方面的老练。
具备这些品质的女性天生就是打破社会传统观念的制约，战胜她的男性对手并出色完成任务的最佳人选。而教育比任何一个领域都有可能使得女性获得平等的权利。
这些女性比不接纳女性获得平等教育的惯例转变得更快，扭转了男性和女性对于女性成为学者或者大学领导的看法。她们为关于女性领导的进一步研究拓展了平台，并对女性成为重要大学领导的变化做出了贡献。早期的女校长开创了新的领导模式并且表明她们的领导方式有自己的独特之处。我们要中止对她们口头上的美誉，而从这些前辈们的磨难中得到启示，在无数的挑战中体验巩固这些宝贵的经验。
关键词：女校长；历史；教训；挑战
Title: Women Presidents: The Great Comunicators of the Past and Present
Author: Marvalene Hughes, Ph.D. California State University, Stanislaus
Abstract: American women presidents have proven that they are not trapped by societal traditions and psychological gender boundaries. These women have rich stories to share about their journeys toward the presidency. They have a genuine interest in knowing about their pioneers. They seek knowledge that best encapsulates and conveys their past and present, explains the foundations on which they stand, and enables them to create visions for future generations.
The earliest pioneers from the 18th and 19th century left legacies that could be as illuminating for us as our shared observations are today. It became apparent that these trailblazers confronted and transcended many challenges. Our pioneers lived during a period when gender inequity was legal and normative, yet they became fierce leaders, shaping their destiny and the destiny of their successors. Against insurmountable odds, they emerged victorious. It appears that many issues facing 21st century women presidents resonate with those of their earliest predecessors.
Some themes discerned in the biographies of selected women predecessors, contemporaries and successors included determination, motivation, tenacity, a commitment to high intellectual standards in scholarship, moral fortitude in leadership, a conscience for social justice, creative financing and political savvy.
These women were creative adapters who transcended legal constraints of society, found ways to appease their male power brokers or leaders and remained on target with their mission. These leaders realized that education, more than anything else, had the potential to become the great equalizer.
These women changed more than the prevailing practices of excluding women from access to equal education. They made permanent and fundamental changes in the way women and men think about women as scholars and academic leaders of universities. They also set the stage for deeper inquiry into the role of women in past, present and future leadership, and contributed to the metamorphoses of women as leaders of major universities. The earliest women presidents began the transformation of leadership paradigms and demonstrated that their styles are in many ways unique.
We must pause to honor, celebrate and praise them, and learn from the trials and tribulations that uplifted and strengthened them amidst numerous challenges.
Keywords: women presidents; history; lessons; challenges

3、 题目：大学合作的作用－领导与国际化
作者：李庆淑 韩国淑明女子大学校长
摘要：本文主要谈淑明女子大学培养未来全球领导者的经验和看法。介绍了淑明女子大学的三项特色计划，以及这三项特色计划是如何构建淑明女子大学的远景目标，也就是“SM2020远景目标”的。最后一部分谈的是淑明女子大学为了吸引来自世界各地的学生的许多项目。
关键词：合作；领导；国际化
Title: The Role of University Cooperation:Leadership and Globalization
Author: Kyungsook Lee, Ph. D Sookmyung Women’s University
Abstract: The paper will mainly deal with the experience of and vision for Sookmyung Women’s University (SMU) in educating future global leaders. In the following section, it introduce the three specialization programs of SMU. It also explain how SMU vision or “SM Vision 2020” is supported by the three specialization programs. The second section of the paper then will deal with globalization effort of SMU.? The final section of this study will try to provide information on various programs with which SMU is trying to attract students from all over the world.
Keywords: cooperation; leadership; globalization

4、 题目：女性在法国高等教育及研究工作中的地位
作者：阿妮塔·贝塞里尼?法国巴黎十一大学校长
摘要：在我的文章中,我想首先通过介绍法国高等教育体系来阐述女性在法国教育中的作用.借此机会,我也将把法国的教育体系与世界上其它国家特别是欧洲国家做些比较.之后,我将介绍法国的科研组织。最后,我将阐述女性在法国高等教育中及研究机构中的地位. 我要讲述的内容是与法国当今的形势息息相关,而这些内容也代表了欧盟大多数国家的情况.
??关键词：女性；法国高等教育与研究；地位
Title: The status of females in the higher education and researches in France
Author: Anita Bersellini University in Paris XI-South
Abstract: In my presentation, first I would like to introduce French higher education system in order to expound women’s functions in French education. I will also make comparison between French education system and other countries’ especially European countries’. Then I will introduce French scientific research organizations. At last, I will expound the status of females in the higher education and researches in France. What I am going to say is closely related to today’s French situation, and it also represents the main situation in EU.
Keywords: female; higher education and research in France; status

5、 题目：全球化、国际化与教学质量保证
作者：英格瑞德·莫西斯 澳大利亚新英格兰大学校长
摘要：国际大学校长联合会与很多国际组织进行合作，例如联合国，联合国教科文组织，世界银行和其他国际组织，如欧盟，欧洲大学联合会，联邦大学联合会，国际大学协会以及非洲、欧洲、拉丁美洲、南美洲、阿拉伯国家、亚洲、太平洋等国家和地区的非政府组织。这些国际合作，旨在实现世界和平，提高教育质量，实现高等教育的全球化，从而实现教育、合作和发展的全球化。国际大学校长联合会的任务与这次大会的主题紧密相连，即“交流、合作与发展”。
此文既谈到了国际化，全球化，也说到了它们对大学所产生的影响，同时还涉及了我们在这些方面所面临的机遇和必须具有的质量保证。此外，本文还谈到了学校的枪支管理问题，教师和学生的国际流动趋势以及教学课程的国际化，以及教育评估机构对跨国教育所进行的必要的教育评估方面的规定。
关键词：全球化；国际化；质量保证
Title: Perspectives on Globalization, Internationalization and Quality Assurance
Author: Ingrid Moses University of New England, Australia
Abstract: The International Association of University Presidents cooperates with international organizations, such as the United Nations, UNESCO, the World Bank and other international organizations such as the European Commission, EUA(European University Association), ACU(Association of Commonwealth University), IAU（International Association University） and NGOs（Non-government Organization） in Africa, Europe, Latin America, North America, the Arab countries, Asia and the Pacific in the areas of international co-operation for the attainment of peace, in developing quality assurance procedures and in implementing them, in internationalizing higher education and addressing issues in the globalization of higher education. cooperation and development. IAUP’s agenda is very much in tune with the theme of this conference: communication, collaboration, development.
This paper weaves together some thoughts about internationalization and globalization, their impact on universities, the opportunities we gain and the quality assurance we must have. This paper addresses issues of the GATS education services provisions, examines some trends in internationalization through student and staff mobility and the internationalization of the curriculum, and the quality assurance provisions necessary for transnational education through guidelines and quality assurance agencies.
Keywords: globalization; internationalization; quality assurance

（一）
1、 题目: 高等教育：趋势、变革和挑战
作者：朱迪斯·甘丽雅 新西兰梅西大学校长
摘要：在一代人或更多的时间内，大多数国家的高等教育都发生着重大的变革，这也为高等教育带来了很大的挑战。这些挑战要求高校以更积极地态度和更大的创造性来回应，而今天的大学与一代以前的学院已经有了很大的不同。例如，今天的大学通常都有校友会之类的组织来联络感情、有基金会来筹募资金、有商业性的机构来颁发学术性的资格或证书， 而这些在30年前的大学中是十分少见的。
这些影响大学的变革中有一些是从教育领域之外的其他领域引进的，例如政府财政政策变革，然而其他的变化有些是从高校内发起的，如财政资金的多元化。很明显，有的变革是其他变革的因，对高等教育需求的增加以及增加高校的入学率导致了大学数量上的增加。
这些变革有的还在过去的数十年中影响了高校使命和结构，它们包括：
高校因为保持自己的发展而导致的入学率的增加
研究生阶段教育的极大发展和不同种类的研究生阶段奖学金的增加
学生年龄限制的开放和作为终生教育手段之一的远程教育的发展
高校数量的增加和学科门类的丰富
政府财政资助的减少和校友捐助的增加
高校国际化的发展
对高校对经济和社会发展作用的认识的加深，以及对高校对经济和社会贡献期望的增加。
在本文中我将对这些变革作出评述，并援引澳大利亚和新西兰的例子加以证明。
关键词：趋势；变革；挑战
Title: The Higher Education Sector:? Trends, Changes and Challenges.
Author: Judith Kinnear Massey University, New Zealand
Abstract: In the space of a little more than a generation, tertiary education in most countries has undergone remarkable changes that have created challenges for the higher education sector. These challenges have required significant and creative responses from the higher education sector and, as a result, today’s universities are very different institutions from those of a generation or so ago. Today, for example, universities typically have functional units such as alumni and external relations units concerned with relationship building and fund raising and commercialization units concerned with licensing of intellectual material, patenting and equity holdings - thirty years ago, such units would have been very rare in universities.
Some of the changes that have impacted on universities have been initiated from outside the university sector, as for example, changes in Government financial policies, while others changes are initiatives generated by universities themselves, as for example, the diversification of their funding bases. It will be apparent that some changes are consequences of other changes; clearly, the higher demand for access to tertiary education and the resultant increased participation rates in tertiary education have led to an increase in the number of universities.
Some of the changes affecting the mission and structure of universities over the past generation include:
? Greatly increased participation rates in tertiary education driven in part by increased retention rates at high school
? Significant growth in postgraduate enrolments and creation of a greater diversity of postgraduate awards
? Changes in the age profile of students and increased enrolments in the extra-mural (distance education) mode of offering of programs as part of a trend to lifelong learning
? Increased numbers of universities and greater diversity in the university sector
? Decreased Government per capita funding in real terms and increased contribution by students
? Increased internationalization of universities
? Increased recognition of the role of universities in economic and social development at regional and national levels and greater expectation that university are essential contributors to those economic and social goals
In this presentation, comments on these changes will be given, drawing on relevant examples from Australia and New Zealand.
Keywords: trends; changes; challenges

2、 题目：大学与社区和环境的关系
作者：张蕴礼美国夏威夷大学希罗分校校长
摘要：本文首先分析了高等教育变化的前景以及高等教育目前所面临的问题。第二部分强调了领导人和领导者的素质。最后，作者以本人的切身体会谈及在过去这些年中，夏威夷大学西罗分校已经建立的合作关系以及这些合作关系对我们的大学以及社区所做的贡献，并鼓励女性领导努力去建立合作关系，为大学的发展创造生命力。
关键词：前景；领导素质；合作
Title: Linking with the Community and the Environment
Author: Audrey Furukawa University of Hawaii at Hilo
Abstract: This paper first presents the changing landscape of higher education and the issues higher education leaders face today. Secondly, It highlights the qualities of leaders and leadership. And finally, the author presents the linkages or partnerships that UH Hilo has cultivated over the years, and the contributions these partnerships bring to the university and to the community.
Keywords: landscape; qualities of leaders; partnership

3、 题目：韩国政府加强大学竞争力的政策方向
作者：朴东顺 韩国东西大学校长
摘要：国与国之间的竞争是由大学之间的竞争领导的，特别是在一个知识和信息化的社会更是如此。基于此种认识，韩国政府强调要提高韩国高等教育在全球的竞争力。要加强大学的自治能力，通过相互竞争来提高其研究和教育能力，建立公平透明的评估制度。除了这些努力之外，大学的自助努力和政府有计划的支持，对于大学竞争力的提升也起着关键作用。
关键词：韩国政府；大学竞争力；政策；方向
Title: Direction of the Korean Government’s Policy for Strengthening University Competitiveness
Author: Dong Soon Park Dongseo University, Korea
Abstract: National competitiveness is led by universities' competitiveness, especially in a knowledge- and information-oriented society. Recognizing this fact, the Korean government emphasizes improvement of the global competitiveness of Korean higher education. It strengthens autonomous capability of universities, increases research and educational abilities by mutual competition, and establishes fair and transparent evaluation systems. Besides these efforts, university's self-help efforts and government's planned supports are also crucial for a better achievement of competitiveness.
Keywords : the Korean government; universities' competitiveness; policy; direction

4、 题目：大学－－为了一个更加美好的世界
作者：安娜·嘉佐拉 巴西米纳斯联邦大学校长
摘要：本文从两个方面来讨论了大学的功能：一是知识进步方面，另一个是他们的时间和空间方面。教育被视为一个公共产品，它是国家发展的战略规划之一，因而不能视作商品来对待。
大学的功能之一是让世界变得更好。为了做到这一点，需要采取不同的行动，特别是要加强国际合作。卓越、恰如其分、团结：这些是大学应有的价值。
关键词： 大学；卓越；恰如其分；团结；发展
Title: The University for a Better World
Author: Ana Lúcia Almeida Gazzola Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Abstract: This paper discusses the double allegiance of Universities: on the one hand, to the advancement of knowledge, on the other, to their time and place. Education is seen as a public good, strategic for the development of nations, and cannot be treated as merchandise.
One of the functions of the University is to help build a better world: for this, different actions are proposed, with an emphasis on international cooperation. Excellence, relevance, solidarity: these are the values sponsored by the University.
Keywords: universities; excellence; relevance; solidarity

5、 题目：都市化大学：社区的领导者
作者：南希贝尔克 美国内布拉斯加大学奥哈马分校校长
摘要：在美国和全世界现在在大都市涌现了很多学院。他们不仅起着教育学生的作用还为当地的社区提供重要服务。都市大学通过传播新理念、新知识使自己与众不同。 教员与学生公同分享商业、政府、艺术、科学、社会服务、初等和次等教育方面的经验。这种大学/社区的合作表明它通过不同的联系、合作和项目来使学校、社区、市民统统受益。同时通过开发不同的项目，城市大学通过帮助具名发觉他们的潜力而使得整个社区都与众不同。
关键词：大学；社区；领导者
Title: “Metropolitan Universities: Providing Community Leadership”
Author: Nancy Belck University of Nebraska at Omaha
Abstract: Throughout the U.S. and the world, these institutions are in large urban centers. More importantly, however, is their commitment to educating students; plus, serving their communities.? Metropolitan universities make a difference through communication of new ideas, initiatives and knowledge. Faculty and students share expertise with business, government, the arts, social services, and primary and secondary education. This university/community cooperation shows itself in a variety of linkages, partnerships and joint projects that benefit the university, the community and its citizens. And, through the development of a wide variety of programs, metropolitan universities make a difference in their communities by helping cities realize their potential.
Keywords: university; community; leader

6、 题目： 大学和其风险承担者
作者： 福阿达·斯坦科威奇塞尔维亚黑山共和国诺维萨德大学
摘要：长久以来，大学对其所在地区的社会发展及文化发展贡献良多。新兴的发展议程有以下的需求：A，教学与研究紧密结合的大学所扮演的“第三角色”；B，类似“灵敏的大学”“盈利的地区”，“为学校经营增值”，……因此，创建一种途径使大学的资源流动到社会中，更加便利的为社会做出贡献是很有必要的。
大学是未来科技，经济，及社会动向的知识宝库，大学还是通向全球信息的大门。大学还是为其所在地域提供专业性分析的来源，为该地域的发展计划提供了智力资源，并且大大支持了当地的基础建设和环境建设。大学还创造和吸引了新的企业在当地落户。可见大学和其周围环境不断进行着互动。
尤其是像企业这样的外部合作伙伴带给学校网路的不仅仅是不一样的纪律性的关注，还引出关于先进知识在实际中运用的新焦点。有的时候，诸如像自然科学和工程学这样的尖端研究所需要的投资是相当巨大的。学校与企业关系的发展有时也牵涉到知识界。如果知识在经济生产中变成最基本的生产要素，那么大学将成为企业的有利伙伴。知识市场化以及有越来越多的地方可以创造和传送知识的事实，说明大学面临着日趋激烈的竞争。本论文中将讲述诺维萨德大学和其主要利益共享者的联系。
在认真仔细分析了和其合作者间的关联后，可以总结出，诺维萨德大学将在未来成为企业型的高校，尤其在九十年代以前，诺维萨德大学有着长期和企业合作的经验。并建立了孵化器中心以便更规范有序的进行资产分派。这个目标将很好的满足利益共享者的需求，此目标还将通过孵化博洛尼亚计划，更好地与国际衔接，并融合到欧洲高等教育研究所和欧洲研究所中去。
关键词：大学；风险承担者；社会环境；社会合作方；战略优先；与企业合作
Title: Universities and Their Stakeholders
Author: Fuada Stankovic University of Novi Sad Serbia and Montenegro
Abstract: Universities have always contributed to the social and cultural development of the regions in which they are located.The emerging development agenda asks for: a) "third role" for universities fully integrated with teaching and research; b) terms such as "responsive university", "earning region", "value added university management"... It is necessary to create mechanism through which the resources of universities can be mobilised to contribute to the development process.
Universities are repository of knowledge about future technological, economic and social trends, and a gateway to global information.Universities are sources of expertise in regional analysis. Universities provide the region with intelligence for its forward planning, and support regional infrastructure and underlying quality of environment. They create and attract new firms within the region. Universities and their environment develop interactive learning processes.
Outside partners, especially industry, bring into university networks not only a different? disciplinary focus, but a new focus on the application of the developed knowledge as well. The investments that are required to engage in cutting edge research, especially in the natural sciences and engineering are sometimes tremendous. Development of university -industry relations is what sometimes is referred to as the knowledge society. If knowledge is becoming a prime production factor in the economy than universities become an interesting partner for industry. The fact that knowledge is marketable and that there are more and more places where knowledge is created? and transmitted means that universities are facing increased competition. In the paper the links of University of Novi Sad with some of the major stakeholders are presented.
After SWAT analysis of the links with its stakeholders，it is concluded that UNS is seeing its future as being an entrepreneurial university. It has a long lasting experience in university-industry cooperation especially before the nineties. Innovation and Incubation centres are established in order to approach and foster spin-off activities in an organized way.
Objectives are to respond to the needs of stakeholders in a substantially better way, to internationalise and integrate into European Higher Education Area (EHEA) and European Research Area (ERA) by fostering Bologna process.
Keywords: university; stakeholders; social environment; social partners; strategic priorities; cooperation with industries

7、 题目：精英教育是21世纪大学教育的方式之一
作者：罗芭茨卡娅·莫伊谢耶夫娜 俄罗斯伊尔库茨克国立技术大学副校长
摘要：在全球化的现在，对毕业生的要求是要达到学科的国际标准和满足国际要求。在国际生态的“大环境”下，必然呈现如下趋势：原始资源向智力资源转型，科技含量增加，金钱诱惑减少，科学信息含量增加。不过，这些趋势同时也导致一些社会问题，直接与俄罗斯有关的是：先进国家的“高技术扩张”。这种背景下，俄罗斯成了一个“观念和人力的捐助者”，而不是技术的主张人，这样的话，就打乱了技术按部就班发展的节奏。
这种“大环境”下的教育对传统教育中的专门训练来说，导致了一系列问题，因为教育的“原始资料”在向“工业半成品”的阶段过渡，这就使得精英教育体制的建立势在必行。根本改变教育方式，建立以个人为导向的教育方法，是现阶段高等教育体制中实现精英教育的必然之路。俄罗斯是这样，中国也是这样。
在高校中建立这种精英教育，无疑要为这种体制提供持续发展的环境。在这种“大环境”下，从全球宏观角度看，无论是传统教育，还是精英教育，基础教育都是保障，然后学校根据自身的特点，再进行有潜质的专业训练，从而有望实现正确培养技能的目的。
关键词：精英教育；大环境
Title: Elite Education：a New Possibility of the 21st Century University Education
Author: Lobatskaya R.M. Irkutsk State Technical University, Russia
Abstract: In the modern period of globalization, the demand of our graduates will be defined by their conformity to a world level of branch and to a level of the requirements. In the world technological “macrohabitat”, within the framework of which it’s necessary to note some tendencies: precise transition from raw sources of the income to intellectual resources, decrease in a role of money in comparison with technologies in a world geoeconomical segment, gradual change of “high-tech” technologies into “high-hume” one , society’s high dependence on a condition of the information structure. These tendencies create also a number of world scale’s problems, directly concerning Russia: advanced countries’ “high-tech expansion”, on which background Russia represents itself as “the donor of ideas and people”, instead of technologies that is repaid below on one-two order, than technological development.
New realities of “macrohabitat” have outlined a circle of problems in specialists’ training within the framework of traditional education; and have made vital necessity of creation in its frameworks the system of elite education owing to which transition from “intellectual raw material” to “an industrial semifinished product” can be carried out. Radical revision of educational technologies and individual-guided approach is necessary for really elite level of engineering education in high school system not only in Russia, but in China also.
Creation in high school of a system of elite preparations, undoubtedly, assumes maintenance of the appropriate environment of the training developing from three interconnected and mutually conditioned component: “macrohabitat” in which the basic requirements are pawned, both to traditional, and to elite education at a global macroeconomic level; “mesohabitat” with the characteristic components positioning high school in concrete existential conditions; a “microhabitat” determined in own potential of high school and providing opportunities of realization of the appropriate technologies of training.
Keywords: elite education; macrohabitat

8、 题目：21世纪全球高校面临的挑战
作者：岛田烨子 日本文京学院大学
摘要：21世纪是全球化的世纪，共存是我们今天面临的一个重大问题。共存是对人的一种尊重也是对不同价值和不同的人的一种欣赏。随着全球化程度的不断深化，如何教育年轻人用共存的理念来回应全球化的挑战并理解不同的文化和人物，这是对高校的一种挑战。鼓励年轻人尊重他们自己的文化价值并且主动承担起文化传承的任务，已经成为高校特别是亚洲高校的一项重要任务。随着媒体的自由化程度的提高和跨国界交通与交流的不断发展共存也变得更加容易。它避免了文化和文明的冲突，这种冲突常常会导致交流不畅和偏见。因此，共存会成为世界和平的重要推动力量。不同国家年轻人的互访会增进不同文化的交流并改善不同国家的关系。年轻人去体验文化的不同并有机会与亚洲的友邻拓展学术交流，这对他们来说是十分珍贵的经历。开阔的视野对年轻人理解文化和历史的共性与不同也是十分重要的。这也是全球化社会中共存的真正内涵。
关键词：全球化；挑战；共存
Title: Challenges Worldwide Universities Facing in the 21st Century
Author: Akiko Shimade Bunkyo Gakuin University, Japan
Abstract: The 21st century is a global century and coexistence is a severe problem for us to be confronted with. With unceasing globalization, it is a challenge for higher educational institutions to teach young people how to response global challenges and understand different culture and people with the idea of coexistence. It has been an important mission for higher educational institutions, especially in the Asian region, to encourage young people to defer to their own cultural value and initiatively assume the responsibility to pass culture on to next generation. It will build up intercourse between different cultures and improve relationship between different countries that young people from different countries exchange visits. Coexistence will certainly becomes the main impetus to keep the world peace.????
Keywords: globalization; challenges; coexistence

9、 题目：新教育体制下的职业教育
作者：乌尼·克努茨塔特 挪威奥斯陆大学学院
摘要：挪威国会在２００３年决定在国内推行一项名为＂素质改革＂的高等教育改革。这次改革是以在欧洲普及的高等教育政策为基础的。它由以下几个要素组成：扩大教育机构自主权，制定筹款新制度，新设质量保证机构，改变学历结构以及引入指导及评估学生的新形式．该论文探讨的是改革之后，教师，工人，护士，工程师等各行各业接受专业教育后所产生的影响。奥斯陆大学学院为这些行业开设了不同的本科学历课程，但只开设了少量的硕士课程和一个博士课程．
论文中还讨论了职业教育和劳动市场的关系．劳动市场与职业教育有着广泛领域的协作。正因为教育机构开设了诸多与工作相关联的课程，它和许多劳动市场的联系才能如此紧密。
奥斯陆大学学院希望推进一项关于社会需求和学位课程二者关系的研究工作。此工作涉及各个方面，包括健康，社会福利与保障，传播学，学习，青少年和文化，科技，设计与环境，以及职业学习．
作为在学术机构内部被称为＂学术推动＂的一种现象，我们高兴地看到在国际刊物上发表的文章数量逐年增加。
奥斯陆大学学院一直致力于发展硕士及博士学位点，以便能为以知识为基础的社会培养更多的合格工人，同时也为满足本大学教师自身发展的要求而创造有利条件。
改革也带来了高等教育经费的变化。新高等教育法引发的关于自由接受高等教育的原则的讨论在挪威已经展开。相信关于学费的争论也很快就会展开。
高等教育大众化，使每个人都有机会接受高等教育，这无疑需要一笔庞大的经费。为了吸引更多目标明确积极自主的好学生，员工们做出了一些努力，通过减少新生名额来达到目的。可见，机会均等接受高等教育的设想承载着很大的压力．
关键词：新教育体制；职业教育；高等教育大众化
Title: Educating the professions in a new education system
Author: Unni Knutstad Oslo University College
Abstract: The Norwegian Parliament has decided (2003) to implement a reform in higher education in Norway. It is called “The Quality Reform” and it is based on a common European policy for higher education. The reform consists of elements such as increased institutional autonomy, new funding formula, a new agency for quality assurance, new degree structure and new forms of student guidance, evaluation and assessment. The topic of the paper is consequences in education of a wide range of different professions, f ex teachers, social workers, nurses and engineers after this reform. Oslo University College has different bachelor degree programmes for these professions, only a few master degree programmes and one PhD program.
The paper discusses the relationship with the labour market. Collaboration between the labour market and education for professions ranges widely. The institution has close links with a very diverse labour market because of the wide range of work-related courses being offered.
The OUC wants to facilitate R&D activities relevant to society and our degree programmes.In health, care and welfare, in communication, learning, adolescence and culture, in technology, design and environment and in the studies of professions.
We are seeing an encouraging increase in the number of articles printed in international publications. This is a reflection of what can be called an “academic drive” within the institution. The OUC has been working to develop masters’ degrees and a PhD degree as a contribution to the training of workers in a knowledge-based society while also meeting the professional ambitions of our faculties.
Changes have been made to the funding of higher education. A debate about the principle of free higher education has started in Norway due to the work with the new act of higher education. We believe that a debate about tuition fees will soon be launched in Norway.
Mass education, whereby everyone is given an opportunity, is costly. There are made efforts by the staff to reduce the intake in order to attract the most motivated and “best” students; the idea of equal rights to higher education is under pressure.
Keywords: a new education system; professional education; mass education

10、题目：大学与社会
作者：米尔克·佩雷拉 巴西格尔斯联邦大学
摘要：本文涉及大学及其在当今社会中的作用，探讨了大学社会作用的几个方面及其所面对的挑战。对市场、全球化、生活质量和大学改革的关系等有关问题也作了力所能及的探讨。大学被定义为为社会服务，对知识的不同领域进行质疑和调研的场所。
关键词：大学；社会；作用；定位
Title: University & Society
Author: Milca Severino Pereira The Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG)
Abstract: This text covers the university and its role in contemporaneous society, discussing several aspects of its social roles and challenges. Questions about market, globalization, quality of life and university reforms are presented. University is defined as the locus for questioning and investigation in all fields of knowledge, at the society’s service.
Keywords: university; society; role; orientation

11、题目：埃及高等教育
作者：玛卡丽姆·嘉姆丽 埃及艾因夏姆斯大学语言学院院长
摘要：本篇文章主要纵览阿拉伯国家的高等教育，重点介绍埃及的基本教育情况。
阿拉伯联盟由21个阿拉伯国家组成。他们有共同的语言，并在很大程度上有共同的宗教信仰和文化传统。高等教育的很多问题和发展趋势十分相似。
关键词：高等教育；阿拉伯；埃及
Title: Higher Education in Egypt
Author: Makarem Ahmed El Ghamry Faculty of Languages, Ani Shams University
Abstract: This report presents some information about higher education in the Arab regions in general and Egypt in particular. The Arab region consists of 21 members countries of the Arab league. The countries of the Arab League share a common Language, and to a large extent, a common religion and cultural heritage. Many of the issues and trends in education is almost similar.
Keywords: higher education; Arab League; Egypt

12、题目：全球性文化变化及其对课程发展的影响
作者：米兰娜·塞西克 塞黑贝尔格莱德艺术大学
摘要：关于文化全球化的过程，学术界已广泛地展开了极其复杂而又激烈的争论，但对课程编制与研究问题却没有引起足够的争论。在当今世界，特性、传统、基础知识和技术处在一个什么位置呢？我们在为后现代社会（数字技术、生物工程和数字艺术的时代）设计新课程的同时，是否忽视了那些可能只对一少部分人有利的课程项目呢？哪怕这一少部分人只占世界一角的位置。各大学必须为文化全球化带来的挑战找到一个明智的答案，不仅要能保证学校在研究领域、研究项目和课程计划等方面的独特性，而且要能保证进入他们迄今为止尚未感兴趣的领域。
全球性变化，连同大学周围社会环境的变化，都要求课程上乃至组织上（学校系统上）的变化。没有组织上的变化，课程变化是不可能实现的。组织没有变化，就会僵化陈旧。大学管理者的主要工作就是要完成大学由纯粹公共事业型机构向企业型机构逻辑的转变。公共机构逻辑被认为是有永久性，持续性，感觉上非常稳定而安全的，这个转变就是要用企业机构型这种组织逻辑来代替公共机构逻辑。思考改革计划的条件日益成熟。大学管理的新政策要求，此种管理方法作用于整个实施过程的始终。这种变化所带来的质量的改善和良性发展的环境，为学生乃至整个学院学习的新方法和新途径提供了条件，这些也正是大学管理所取得的重要成果。
因此，我们不仅要找出问题，而且要找到解决这些问题的方法。我们如何调节好这两个逻辑方面呢？怎样才能激励人们，使环境变化成为人们开拓局面的动力，并且不会因害怕这些变化所带来的影响而把自己封闭起来？如何打造创新型大学，而同时又要保持学校原本的整体形象，学校传统，教育理念，尤其是教学质量呢？如何创造一种有利于大多数大学教师自身、工作方法和工作内容发展的，并使他们都能实实在在感觉到的周围环境呢？在这种环境里，至少可以使他们放弃妨碍他人实现梦想的念头。但是，在实施管理的过程中，要尽量避免官僚作风，这是取得管理透明度所必需的。
在全球化的今天，大学承担着弥合多元文化、为思想开放和自由流动而战的历史使命，可以想象，未来的大学必将承担更多更艰巨的责任。这就是为什么学校课程与课程研究必须反映和预测社会需要、社会兴趣以及社会抱负的原因。我们不得不承认，“大学是知识实验室”的时代已经到来。（即要将大学的研究职能和服务职能结合起来。）大学不是“服务”机器，而是一种囊括全部社会生活且不顾其潜在利益的机构。这些不同文化的融合会给课程与课程研究带来新的动力及内容的改变，但最重要的，还是方式方法上的改变。
关键词：全球；文化变化；课程研究；影响
Title: Global cultural changes and its impact on curriculum development
Author: Milena Dragieviei, rector University of Arts, Belgrade
Abstract: The processes of cultural globalization, already widely debated in academic circles as extremely complex and contradictory, have not provoked enough debate regarding curriculum development. What is the place of specific, tradition based knowledge and skills in today’s global world? And, designing new programs for postmodern global world (digital technology, bioengineering, digital arts…) are? we marginalizing those programs that might be of interest only for small groups, one corner of the world? Universities have to find clever answer on challenges of globalization, keeping its specificities (research fields, programs, projects), but also entering the domains which up to now had not been of their interest.
Global changes, but also changes in local environments demand curricula change which is not possible without organizational change. If there are no changes the organization becomes obsolete. The main managerial effort was to transform university from institutional to project logic. Aspiration and intention were to replace primarily institution logic – that is longevity, continuity, feeling of absolute stability and safety, first with organization logic. Then the conditions for project thinking will appear. The new policy of university management requires from the management to keep performing during their mandate. Quality improvement issues, creation of continuous development environment, making conditions for new ways and methods of learning for both students and academics (learning institution) became key issues of management. We must therefore be ready not only to identify the problems but also to invent solutions for them. How to reconcile these two logics? How to stimulate people so that changes in environment become motive for opening towards changes and not to closing and fear of influence? How to create INNOVATIVE UNIVERSITY, but to preserve its profile, tradition, meaning, and especially QUALITY? How to create an ambient in which most of the academics will feel like developing themselves and their methods and the contents of work? In which they will at least renounce preventing others to realize their VISIONS (But, to avoid bureaucratic burden necessary in achieving management transparency).
Bridging cultural diversities in globalized world, fighting for openness and free flow of ideas, university will have even more responsibilities in the world of tomorrow. That is why curricula, together with research process has to reflect and to predict the social needs, interest and ambitions.? The time came that we have to approve the logic of university as knowledge laboratories (combining the sense of research universities with service universities). University can not be a “service” machine, it has to be an institution included in all segments of social life, regardless of its potential profitability. These links are introducing new dynamics, content changes, but above all – methods changes.
Keywords: global; cultural changes; curriculum development; impact

13、题目：大学的历史和发展
作者：飯塚幸子 日本实践女子大学?
摘要：回顾建校最初的15年实践女子大学的历史和招收中国留学生的情况，并介绍2004年该学校的现状及学校创立人下田歌子倡导女性独立和为社会做贡献的教育理念。该学校决心在紧跟时代发展更新自我的同时，将优良传统传承给下一代。
关键词：实践女子大学；教育理念；发展
Title: History and Development of the University
Author: Iizuka Sachiko Jissen Women’s University，Japan
Abstract: A review is given about the earliest 15 year’s history of the Jissen Women’s University and the enrollment of the Chinese students abroad. And an introduction is also given about the status quo of the university in 2004 as well as the organizer’s educational concept , who advocated female independence and contribution to the society. The university tries to pass choice tradition on to the next generation.
Keywords: Jissen Women’s University; educational concept; development

（二）
1、 题目：由专科大学转型为综合大学的成功之道
作者：成嘉玲?? 台湾世新大学前校长
摘要：台湾的经济发展是奠基在成功的教育政策之上，低学费、机会均等是台湾教育发达的主因。以世新大学为例，为彻底改变学校体质，世新努力提高竞争力，掌握政策变迁趋势、契合社会脉动，前瞻性的校务发展政策和合理的资源分配，是世新转型成功的首要因素。
关键词：综合大学；转型
Title: Success on transformation from a technological academy to a university
Author: Chia-lin Cheng Shih Hsin University
Abstract: The success of economic development in Taiwan is based on the success of education policies. Low tuition fees and equal chances to receive education are the main reasons for success. Taking Shih Hsin University as an example, in order to change the system of university, Shih Hsin strives to improve the ability of competence and master the trends of society. The success of transformation of Shih Hsin lies in the policies with visions of looking ahead and the sources with reasonably assigned.
Keywords: university; transformation

2、 题目：女大学领导人：加拿大经验
作者：朱迪思·伍德华斯 加拿大劳伦提亚大学校长
摘要：这篇文章将对加拿大女大学校长的情况作以历史纵览和当代考察。很显然，与以前相比，现在担任大学校长职务的女性越来越多了，但问题的关键在于，我们是否取得了长足的进步？
我会简要地概述一下加拿大大学雇用教职人员的全过程，其中包括影响聘用女性担任高级学术职位（岗位）的一般因素和担任校长职务的特别因素。利用猎人公司（搜寻高级管理人员的公司）的习惯，很可能对此产生了影响。因为有一些猎人公司是由女性拥有或直接管理的。很多人认为，女性比男性拥有更多变的领导方法和管理风格。这是无稽之谈还是真实情况呢？在此文中，我将通过剖析女领导人特有的风格、特点的优势和劣势，来说明她们身上存在的一些可被感知的性格特征。
最后，这篇文章还会展望一下未来。我会略述一些当前训练和指导的有利因素，并为我们培养下一代女大学领导人的工作提出我一些改进的建议。
关键词：女大学领导人；加拿大；经验；建议
Title: Women Academic Leaders: the Canadian Experience
Author: Judith Woodsworth Laurentian University
Abstract: This paper will present a historical overview of women university presidents in Canada and examine the situation at present. There are clearly more women in presidential positions than earlier on, but the question is, have we made sufficient progress
I will also briefly outline the hiring process in Canadian universities, including the factors that influence the recruitment of women to senior academic positions in general and the presidency in particular. The custom of using executive search firms, some of which are owned and operated by women, has likely played a role.
It is believed that women have different leadership and management styles than men: is this myth or reality? In this paper, I will set out the perceived characteristics of women leaders, with the disadvantages and advantages associated with those special features.
Finally, the paper will take a look at the future. I will outline some current training and mentorship opportunities and suggest ways to improve what we do to prepare the next generation of women leaders.
Keywords: women Academic Leaders; Canada; experience; suggestion

3、 题目： 孟德斯鸠、权力制约与平衡和大学管理
作者：李尼恩·福德 澳大利亚格里菲斯大学
摘要：在北美，人们总是说：“我们相信上帝”，这话也印在随处可见的钞票上。然而 “除上帝之外，我们还有对权力的制约和平衡机制。” 这是权力分立的一种的口语表达方式，最先是由法国著名启蒙思想家孟德斯鸠在英国宪法中提出来的，这个观点极大地影响了美国宪法的框架。
这篇文章同样探讨了大学里一种类似的权力、权利和责任。尽管一些专制主义者也偶尔主张学术自由，也就是一些人理解的对任何学术问题的自由，但是此文认为，学术自由应仅限于大学里学术观点的自由，并且要同时受到社会其他利益的制约。同样，学校的管理也要对政府负责，对学生负责，对学校所服务的整个社会的总体利益负责。
关键词：大学；管理；学术自由
Title: Montesquieu, Checks and Balances, and University Governance.
Author: Leneen Forde A.C . Griffith University，Australia
Abstract: North Americans often say ‘in god we trust’, referring to the inscription on their currency, ‘but for everyone else there are checks and balances’.? This is a colloquial expression of the division of powers the great French Enlightenment political theorist Montesquieu saw in the English constitution, which so heavily influenced the framers of the US constitution.?
This paper argues for an analogous division of powers, rights and responsibilities in universities.? Notwithstanding the occasional absolutist claims for academic freedom, which some seem to understand as the freedom of academics to do anything, this paper argues that intellectual freedom is restricted to the role of universities and must be checked by other competing interests of society. Likewise institutional autonomy must be balanced by accountability to government and responsibility to the students and society in general which universities serve.
Keywords: universities; governance; academic freedom

4、 题目：女校长的自我认识与社会认同
作者： 娜婕玛·娜杰姆 巴基斯坦 法蒂玛·真纳女子大学
摘要： 正如别的机构一样，大学里的首席执行者都被视为一个带领学校奔向美好前程，完成远大目标的领导者。现在，越来越多的女性在政府机构及决策部门身居要职。由于这种新角色的出现，男性和女性之间应该达成一种共识，意识到他们在自我回应，对工作的期许值，以及在女性如何看待自己的问题上是存在差异的。调查发现，在亚洲及非洲，女性有机会承担这种新的角色和责任是很不容易的，或者说因为她们根深蒂固的传统角色，很难得到政府的委任及男性们的认同。社会及男性对于女性的观念转换缓慢，那些承担重任的女性跨越了从情感到自我怀疑到内疚的心理过渡。在女性自我角色转变的同时，社会对于女性在行政机构中担任要职的认同也将会为社会文化环境带来变化。
关键词： 女校长；自我认识；社会认同
Title: Female President： Self-recognition and Social-recognition
Author: Dr Najma Najam Fatima Jinnah Women University
Abstract: The Chief Executive of a university as any other organization has to be seen as a leader who would steer the University towards its vision, mission and goals. More and more women are emerging in positions of authority and policy-making. These roles are new and therefore require an understanding by women and men that there is a difference in the way men and women respond to themselves and the demands of their work, and the way women perceive themselves. Findings agree in the Asian and the African context that taking on the new roles and responsibilities has not come easily for women, or for authorities to appoint them or their male counterparts to accept them as this is in contrast with their traditional roles. Women who takes on responsibilities go through a gamut of emotions, of self doubt, of guilt, and the societies as well as men’s perceptions are changing very slowly. Acceptance of woman in positions of authority would bring about changes in the social cultural milieu as well as changes within women themselves.
Keywords: female president; self-recognition; social-recogniton

5、 题目：切实实施高校教学质量管理?? 提高高校教师教学质量
作者：伊丽莎白·哈曼 澳大利亚维多利亚大学
摘要：追求卓越是各所大学的内在要求，但是在实务中什么是卓越，对管理者或学校聘用的主管教学质量的专家，和对一线的教师、学者而言，他们的看法可能截然不同。教学质量保证体系的方法和用语并不能轻而易举地应用于各个大学、院系和教师。本文概括了国际上和澳大利亚如今发展的趋势，也就是要求学校无论进行的是学术活动，还是非学术活动，都要对其进行外部调查，并详细的审查，并对此活动承担责任。不过本文的重点是概括了两所大学在实施教学质量管理、提高教学工作效率，特别是提高教学人员教学质量过程中的经验。在此过程中，主管调课的教务人员扮演了特殊的角色。
关键词：高校教师；质量保证
Title: Making Quality ‘Real’ for Academic Staff in Higher Education
Author: Elizabeth Harman Victoria University, Australia
Abstract: While the pursuit of excellence is intrinsic to universities, what this means in practice can be quite different for frontline academics compared to administrators or specialist staff employed to support Quality Assurance systems. The language and methods of Quality Assurance are not easily accepted and adopted in schools, departments and faculties. This paper outlines the international and Australian trends that now require universities to be subject to considerable external review, scrutiny and accountability for both their academic and non-academic activities. The main focus of the paper however, is to outline experience at two universities in making the Quality Assurance process real and meaningful to the work, particularly of teaching staff. The roles of course co-ordinators in this process are of special interest.
Keywords: academic staff；quality assurance

6、 题目：今日的贝尔格莱德大学
作者：玛利亚·博格达诺维奇 塞尔维亚和黑山共和国贝尔格莱德大学
摘要：本文主要分两部分。第一部分主要阐述了大学作为研究和教育机构，它的主要任务和组织形式。此部分，仅介绍了贝尔格莱德大学的概况，它有166年的历史，包括30个院系和6个研究所，大约8万名学生。
第二部分通过对学校教学质量监控机制的介绍，着重讲了在提高学习质量和效率方面，大学所实行的一些改革。此部分虽举例不多，但事实上，已经有一多半的院系建立了一些质量监控机制。
本文的目的是通过考察具体院系根据自身特点，灵活应用教学质量监控机制的做法，从总体上归纳出学校教学质量控制模式运行的经验。
关键词：贝尔格莱德大学；质量监控
Title: University of Belgrade Today
Author: Marija Bogdanovic Belgrade University，Serbia and Montenegro
Abstract: The paper has two parts. The first part is devoted to the exposition of a mission of university as a research and teaching institution and also to the description of the structure of the university. Just to mention that Belgrade University is 166 years old, it is consisted of 30 faculties and 6 research institutes, near 80000 students.
The second part is devoted to the elaboration of the one aspect of the reform of the university education in the sense to improve the quality and efficiency of study by introducing the quality control.? Few examples are given but there are more than a half of faculties which have already implemented certain kind of quality control.
The aim is to define, out of all these experiences, the general model of quality control for the university as a whole with its flexible application with respect to the specificities of particular faculties. ?
Keywords: Belgrade University; quality control

7、 题目：险境中的小舟――关于澳大利亚大学的管理
作者：嘉德娜 澳大利亚 昆士兰大学副校长
摘要：这篇论文的题目来源于中国谚语：水能载舟，亦能覆舟。
大学的很多主要方面发生了很多变化，同时给大学的领导带来很大的挑战。这个中国的谚语很好的说明了应对挑战带来的相对的压力。这些挑战可以增强学校的教学和研究，同时也要提防变化可能引起的对学校基本核心力量的破坏。
在这个讨论之后，作者会谈到这些变化对大学结构，尤其是大学管理结构以及相关执行角色的影响。最后作者还会谈到怎样平衡和调整这些变化带来的压力。关于教育方向的决策真正在哪里？教育管理者在这样的环境下有怎样的启示？在传统的机制下增加教育经理对于大学而言有何启示？教育经理的出现是教育商业化的原因吗？大学能否在没有教育经理处理压力的情况下保持活力？有没有一个两全的办法可以平衡两者？或者我们就在模糊中继续。
关键词：澳大利亚大学；管理
Title: A Boat at Risk On managing in Australian universities
Author: Margaret Gardner The University of Queensland
Abstract: The title of my paper is drawn from a Chinese proverb Shui neng zai zhou, yi neng fu zhou. “Not only can water float a boat, it can also sink it”.
I am interested in the major changes that have occurred in universities and the challenges they pose for university leaders. The proverb illustrates the inherent tensions in managing the risks posed by these changes.? The challenge is using the changes to provide universities with the basis to continue and enhance the quality of their teaching and research, while preventing these same changes from undermining or destroying some of the fundamental strengths of the university.
Following this discussion, I wish to then turn to the way these changes affect the decision-making structures of universities particularly the role of the collegial governance systems and the roles and accountabilities of university managers and executives and the tensions that arise. And finally I want to consider how the tensions can be balanced or managed in universities.
Where does decision-making for academic direction really lie?? What are the implications for academic managers of working in such environments And what are the implications for universities of adding these academic managers to the traditional mix
Keywords: Australian universities；management

8、 题目：加强女性高等领导者的力量－澳大利亚技术网络经验之谈
作者：依莲娜·蓝茜 澳大利亚南澳大学前副校长
摘要：这篇论文主要探讨的是信息技术与传播对于大学女性领导者的影响。她们常常被政界忽略，就像她们在这样一个幅员辽阔的大洲里彼此相隔甚远一样。有两位执著的人发现了这一点，于是运用她们掌握的信息和传播手段，建立了一个全国性的女性高级知识分子的数据库，于是成功地减少了原来存在的女性在大学管理层缺失的现象。
关键词：女性；信息与传播；技术
Title: Empowering Senior University Women: the Australian experience of technological networking
Author: Eleanor Ramsay University of South Australia
Abstract: This paper concerns the career enhancing impact of the new information and communication technologies for senior university women, isolated at leadership levels due to their continued under-representation as well as by their geographic dispersal across the Australian continent. It explores the establishment and impact of two Australian initiatives for senior university women, both reliant upon the new information and communication technologies for their genesis and ongoing operations: a national senior university women’s electronic data-base and the establishment of virtual networks between senior university women.
Keywords: women; information and communication; technology

9、 题目：用全球化思维培养大学毕业生
作者：卡罗尔·凯希 美国 加利福尼亚大学默西特分校
摘要：不管开设何种课程，一所致力于用全球化思维培养学生的大学，至少应该包括下面5个基本因素：
1．为学生从事不同的团体工作打好基础。一进入大学，学生们可能生平第一次进入一个不同文化的社会。研究小组、寄宿生活、领导机会和工作经历都要求与不同背景的学生进行互动。作为这些经历的一部分，当学生们为着一个共同的目标而工作时，这个学生团体中不同人的价值观、信仰、历史以及文化实践等，就交织在一起，相互交融，相互影响。
2．为学生用多种语言交流打下基础。想要流利地用第二种语言交流，需要沉浸在这种语言之中。在大学阶段，我们有很多机会来为学生打下多种语言基础。这当然要以学生原来的基础和语言为基础。通常这意味着要教授学生母语的语法和文献，或是教授一种新的语言。
3．向学生展示不同人物的历史并且建构起自己的历史观。人文科学、艺术和社会科学的课程通常包括了不同文化的历史以及对当代信仰、政治体系、艺术和语言的比较分析。
4．从理解和接受差异入手，拓展对文化的敏感度。大学可以鼓励对文化差异的讨论(a) 在课堂设置中, (b)在寄宿生活中, (c) 通过将不同背景不同观点的演讲者引进校园，(d)通过制造一种鼓励差异和容忍的环境。
5．鼓励亲身深入感受另一文化。在海外学习、旅行、工作和生活都可以加深在大学校园里获得的那些体验。鼓励这些活动需要校方有足够的灵活性，因为只有这样，学生才能够如愿以偿地参加，以加深他们的这种体验。
关键词：全球化思维；大学毕业生
Title: Fostering College Graduates with a Global Understanding
Author: Carol Tomlinson-Keasey Chancellor at UC Merced
Abstract: A college education that will provide students with a global understanding, no matter what their particular course of study, should include, at a minimum these five elements.
1．provide the basis for students to work in diverse groups. Upon entering college, students join, often for the first time in their lives, a multi-culture society. Study groups, residential life experiences, leadership opportunities, and work experiences will all require ongoing interaction with students from many backgrounds. As part of these experiences--when students are working toward a common goal--the values, religions, history, and cultural practices of members of the group are introduced.
2．Build the framework for students to communicate in more than one language. Acquiring fluency in another language requires some sort of immersion in that language. At the college level, we have several opportunities to build a language framework for students that can then be broadened into fluent interaction. We can build on the student’s own heritage and the language that they bring to the environment Often this means providing an introduction to the literature and grammar of a language that is spoken at home. Or we can introduce students to a new language, recognizing that this instruction should prepare students for a more in-depth experience with another language.
3．Introduce students to the histories of different peoples and build on that history to provide a contemporary examination of cultures. Classes in the humanities, the arts, and the social sciences often include the histories of difference cultures and a comparative analysis of contemporary religions, political systems, arts, and languages.
4．Develop a sensitivity to cultures that begins with an understanding and acceptance of differences. Campuses can foster the discussion of differences (a) in classroom settings, (b) in residential life settings, (c) through programs that bring speakers of differing backgrounds and differing views to the campus, and (d) by providing a campus environment that celebrates diversity and tolerance.
5．Encourage an in-depth experience in another culture. Studying abroad, traveling abroad, living and working abroad all give depth to the experiences that can be provided on a college campus. Encouraging these activities requires flexibility on the part of campuses so that students can participate, invitations to participate in such experiences, and programs that make such participation fit with the students needs.
Keywords: Global Understanding; College Graduates

（三）
1、 题目：奥斯卡图书馆
作者：琳达·哈里斯 玛格丽特图书馆
摘要：“奥斯卡”是影视艺术和科学学院最知名的一种象征，但学院并不仅仅局限于那个金色雕像。学院的玛格丽特图书馆为影视艺术学习提供了的一个独特资源，它不仅能满足影视的产业需要，也能满足把电影作为一门很有价值的学术研究的要求。图书馆坐落在南佛罗里达州，是多家制作室的大本营，也为大学提供主要的电影学习课程。
关键词：奥斯卡；图书馆
Title: OSCAR’S LIBRARY
Author: Linda Harris Margaret Herrick Library
Abstract: “Oscar” is the best-known symbol of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.? But there is more to the Academy than the golden statuette.? The Academy’s Margaret Herrick Library/Fairbanks Center for Motion Picture Study is a unique resource which serves the needs of both the motion picture industry, as well as the academic world that has come to recognize film as a subject worthy of serious study.? Appropriately, the Library is located in southern California, the home of multiple studios, as well as of universities offering major film study programs.
Keywords: Oscar; library

2、 题目：全球化和新闻研究生教育
作者：伊斯特·索桑 美国密苏里新闻学院院长
摘要：新闻及大众传播专业的学生不仅应该了解本国的传播系统，而且应该研究国外传播体制。为使教育走向国际化，密苏里新闻学院创立了“国际范式”，为硕士研究生从事国际新闻报道及国际媒体系统研究搭建平台，向他们提供更多实习和实践的机会。
作为研究生教育的一部分，国际旅行的重要作用同样不容忽视。许多美国教授一致认为：有着丰富旅行经历的学生更加见多识广，更富表现力。旅行、出国留学、学习他国文化以及拥有渊博的世界历史知识对于提高学生的个人素养至关重要，在新闻及大众传播研究领域尤为如此。
或许美国学生了解外部世界的重大意义在于他们认识到美国的价值观、处世方式以及新闻传播的运营模式并非唯一可行和重要的。
总之，我们坚信新闻及大众传播方向的学生广泛摄取各种知识的重要性。这些知识能激励他们不断创新，不断丰富和完善传播及新闻报道体系。
关键词：全球化；新闻；研究生教育
Title: Globalization and Journalism Graduate Education
Author: Esther Thorson The Missouri School of Journalism
Abstract: It seems reasonable for journalism and mass communication students to study the media systems of other countries.  To that end, the Missouri School of Journalism offers the "international model" of student to its Master's students.  The model offers students the opportunity to combine either broadcast or print news training with study of international reporting, and international news media systems.  
It is also important to emphasize the importance of international travel as part of graduate education.  Many American professors speak intuitively about the fact that the well-traveled student is more likely to be a well-informed and articulate student.  Travel, study abroad, studying other cultures, and a broad knowledge of world history is essential to a good education, especially in graduate journalism and communication studies.
Perhaps one of the most important things that students who learn about the wider world around them learn is that the U.S. does not have the only viable or important values, approaches, and systems for creating and disseminating news. 
In general, then, we argue that is important for graduate students (and undergraduates) in journalism and communication to know as much about the world they live in as possible.  Such knowledge should stimulate innovations in the field and foster better communication and news structuring.
Keywords: globalization; journalism; graduate education